Remaining comfortable indoors as the mercury climbs is a blessing of modern technology. Widely available home cooling solutions were introduced in the 1940s, and since then Americans have been enjoying perfectly conditioned indoor air.

If you’re in the market for a new air conditioner or a system upgrade, the first step on your path to comfort is selecting the right type to meet your cooling needs. We’ve put together this primer on the types of air conditioners to help you make an informed decision as you invest in your future comfort.

Understanding Air Conditioning

Before diving into the various types of air conditioners, let’s take a look at some key terms and factors that come into play when making this decision.

Terms you should know

BTU (British thermal unit): This measures the amount of heat an air conditioner can remove from a room. Essentially, a higher BTU means more cooling power, but it also means higher energy consumption.

SEER (Seasonal energy efficiency ratio): This indicates the efficiency of an air conditioner. A higher SEER rating translates to more efficiency and lower energy costs in the long run.

Factors to consider when choosing an air conditioning solution

• Size of your space: The size and layout of your space will determine the capacity of the air conditioner you need. A unit that’s too small won’t cool effectively, while one that’s too large can lead to excess humidity.
• Climate: Living in a variable climate like Minnesota’s requires a more robust system.
• Energy efficiency: A more efficient unit might have a higher upfront cost but can save money on energy bills.
• Installation requirements: Each type of air conditioning system requires a unique installation process – some are easier (and more affordable) than others.
• Budget: Your budget will influence the type of air conditioner you can afford and the operational costs.

By understanding these basics, you’re better equipped to navigate the possibilities and find the air conditioner that’s right for your home.

Types of Installed Air Conditioning

Installed air conditioning systems offer a permanent solution for homeowners who wish to make a sound long-term investment in comfort. 

Central Air Conditioning Systems

Central air conditioning systems consist of a central unit that cools air and distributes it throughout your home via ductwork and vents. This system is typically controlled by a single thermostat, allowing for consistent temperature regulation in all rooms.

Central air conditioning systems are particularly well-suited for larger homes. The system’s capability to cool multiple rooms at once ensures that larger spaces are uniformly comfortable. Additionally, the centralized nature of the system allows for uniform temperature control, ensuring that every room maintains the desired level of comfort.

Pros of central air

• Efficient cooling: They can cool multiple rooms simultaneously, making them ideal for larger homes.
• Air quality improvement: These systems often come with filters that purify the air, reducing allergens and improving overall air quality.
• Increased home value: Homes with central air conditioning are often valued higher in the real estate market.

Cons of central air

• Higher up-front and maintenance costs: They are generally more expensive to install and maintain compared to other types of air conditioners.
• Requires ductwork: If your home doesn’t have existing ductwork, installation can be invasive and costly.
• Energy consumption: These systems can consume more energy, especially if not properly maintained or if the home is not well insulated.

Estimated investment based on national average

Homeowners typically spend between $5,000 and $10,000 for a central air conditioner unit, which includes the cost of professional installation. The primary determinants of the AC unit’s price are the size of the home, measured by square footage, and the unit’s SEER rating.

Ductless Mini-Split Air Conditioners

Ductless air conditioning systems (sometimes referred to as mini-split) consist of an outdoor compressor/condenser and one or more indoor air-handling units. These components are linked by a small conduit, which houses the power cable, refrigerant tubing, and a condensate drain. Unlike traditional central air systems, ductless systems don’t require ductwork, making them an excellent option for homes where installing ducts is impractical or too expensive.

Pros of ductless systems

• Energy efficiency: Ductless systems have no ducts, so they avoid the energy losses associated with the ductwork of central forced air systems.
• Flexible installation: Compact size and flexibility for zoning or heating and cooling individual rooms.
• Quiet operation: They tend to be quieter than other types of air conditioners.

Cons of ductless systems

• Higher initial cost: While they save money in the long run, the upfront cost can be higher than other types of air conditioners.
• Maintenance requirements: Each indoor unit of a ductless system requires its own maintenance, including regular cleaning of filters and checks for any leaks or issues.

Estimated investment based on national average

For mini-split installation, homeowners can generally expect costs to range from $2,383 to $12,666. This price variation is due to factors such as the home’s size, the size and efficiency rating of the AC unit, and the number of rooms needing cooling.  

Air source Heat Pump 

Air source heat pumps are a versatile and efficient solution for both heating and cooling your home. They work by transferring heat between the inside of your home and the outside air. In the winter, they extract heat from the outdoor air and transfer it inside, and in the summer, this process is reversed to cool your home. This is achieved through a refrigerant cycle, similar to a regular air conditioner, but with the added capability of reversing the cycle for heating.

Pros of air source heat pumps

• Energy efficiency: Air source heat pumps are known for their energy efficiency, especially in moderate climates, leading to lower utility bills.
• Versatility: Capable of both heating and cooling, making them useful year-round.
• Lower operating costs: Generally, they have lower operating costs compared to traditional heating systems like furnaces and boilers.

Cons of air source heat pumps

• Higher initial cost: The installation cost can be higher than traditional heating or cooling systems.
• Inefficient in extreme cold: Since this system provides both heating and cooling, it is important to understand the impact of extreme cold, and have a back-up heating system available.

Estimated investment based on national average

Homeowners can expect to pay between $4,000 and $8,000 for heat pump installation, with an average cost of around $5,500. Depending on the specific type of heat pump chosen, the price can range from $2,500 to $10,000.

Types of DIY Air Conditioning

These smaller and more affordable air conditioning solutions are great for people who live in apartments or smaller dwellings, as well as for circumstances that call for short-term or supplemental cooling. 

Window air conditioning units

Window air conditioning units are an ideal choice if you’re living in a smaller space, like an apartment, studio, or limited square footage house. These units work best in scenarios where cooling needs are limited to specific rooms or areas rather than the entire home. They are also a great fit for older homes that may not have the necessary infrastructure for central air conditioning systems. Renters often prefer window air conditioners due to their portability and the minimal modification required for installation.

Pros of window air conditioning units

• Affordable: Lower initial purchase and installation costs compared to larger systems.
• Easy installation: Can often be installed without professional help.
• Targeted cooling: Efficient for cooling specific rooms or small spaces.
• Portability: Can be removed and reinstalled in different windows as needed.

Cons of window air conditioning units

• Limited cooling area: Not ideal for cooling large spaces or entire homes.
• Energy efficiency: Window units can be less energy-efficient, especially older models.
• Noise: Some models can be quite loud during operation.

Portable air conditioning units

These units stand on the floor and can be moved from room to room, offering personalized cooling wherever it’s needed. Portable air conditioners typically work by pulling warm air from the room, cooling it, and then recirculating the cooled air back into the space. They expel warm air and moisture through a hose that’s usually vented out of a window. Some models also include dehumidifying features, which can be particularly useful in humid climates. Portable air conditioners are ideal in settings where traditional air conditioning systems aren’t feasible or where temporary cooling solutions are needed. 

Pros of portable units

Mobility: Easy to move between rooms, offering flexible cooling options.

No permanent installation: Ideal for renters or those who prefer not to deal with the complexities of installation.

Multi-functionality: Many models come with additional features like dehumidifiers and air purifiers.

Cons of portable units

Limited cooling capacity: May not be as effective in large spaces or in extremely hot conditions.

Noise level: Can be noisier than other types of air conditioners.

Energy efficiency: Can be less energy-efficient than window or central air units, potentially leading to higher electricity bills.

Welter Can Help You Find the Right Type of Air Conditioning

Whether you’re looking at upgrading to a central air conditioning system,  exploring ductless air conditioning options, or considering an air source heat pump, Welter has you covered.

Contact Welter today and our indoor comfort experts will consult with you to find the best solution for your home.